The mineral marcasite, sometimes called white iron pyrite, is iron sulfide  (FeS2). Marcasite is often mistakenly confused with pyrite, but marcasite is lighter and more brittle. Specimens of marcasite often crumble and break up due to the unstable crystal structure, and it is this crystal structure that is the main difference between marcasite and pyrite. Though marcasite has the same chemical formla as pyrite, it crystallizes in a different crystal system, thereby making it a separate mineral. In jewelry, pyrite used as a gem is improperly termed "marcasite". True marcasite is never used as a gem, due to its brittle and chemically unstable structure. Two halves of a ball of radiating marcasite from France.

Marcasite can be formed as both a primary or a secondary mineral.

As a primary mineral it forms nodules, concretions and crystals in a variety of sedimentary rock, such as at Dover, Kent, England, where it forms as sharp individual crystals and crystal groups, and nodules (similar to those shown here) in chalk. It can also be found in low-temperature hydrothermal veins.

As a secondary mineral it forms by chemical alteration of a primary mineral such as pyrrhotite or chalcopyrite. On fresh surfaces it is pale yellow to almost white and has a bright metallic luster. It tarnishes to a yellowish or brownish color and gives a black streak. It is a brittle material that cannot be scratched with a knife. The thin, flat, tabular crystals, when joined in groups, are called "cockscombs."

Marcasite may go through a condition known as "pyrite decay", in which a specimen slowly disintegrates into a white powder. Little is known about this detrimental condition. It only affects certain marcasite specimens seemingly at random, while other specimens remain unaffected. When a specimen goes through pyrite decay, the marcasite reacts with moisture in the air, the sulfur combining with water to produce sulfuric acid that attacks other sulfide minerals and mineral labels. It is most important to remove an afflicted specimen from other minerals to prevent this "disease" from spreading.

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